High Haemoglobin Levels: When Too Much of a Good Thing Becomes Harmful
New Delhi, October 15: While low haemoglobin levels often draw medical attention, excess haemoglobin can be just as dangerous. Doctors warn that consistently high haemoglobin levels—beyond 16.6 g/dL for men and 15 g/dL for women—can thicken the blood, slow circulation, and increase the risk of severe complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots.
What Is Haemoglobin?
Haemoglobin is a vital protein found in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. When levels rise beyond the healthy range, the blood becomes viscous (thicker), forcing the heart to work harder to pump it through the veins and arteries.
Dr. Maneendra, Consultant and HOD, Critical Care Department, Gleneagles Hospitals, Hyderabad, explained, “When haemoglobin is too high, blood flow slows down, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and clot formation.”
Common Causes of High Haemoglobin
Experts note that several environmental and medical conditions can lead to high haemoglobin levels.
According to Dr. Maneendra, common causes include living at high altitudes, chronic smoking, dehydration, and lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). “In more serious cases, high haemoglobin may be linked to bone marrow disorders like polycythemia vera, a rare condition where the body produces too many red blood cells,” he added.
Dr. Muralidaran C, Consultant Haematologist, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road, further highlighted dehydration as a major factor. “Not drinking sufficient water throughout the day can reduce blood volume, making blood thicker and increasing haemoglobin concentration,” he explained. Individuals with heart or lung diseases and blood disorders are also at higher risk.
(Image source: Freepik — Not drinking enough water can lead to thicker blood.)
Potential Health Risks
Excessive haemoglobin can cause several health complications:
- Blood Clots: Thickened blood raises the likelihood of clot formation, which can trigger heart attacks, strokes, or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- Hypertension: The increased viscosity of blood can elevate blood pressure, straining the heart and arteries.
- Fatigue and Dizziness: Despite high oxygen-carrying capacity, sluggish circulation may result in low energy levels, dizziness, and fatigue.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on identifying and managing the underlying cause.
“Doctors may perform therapeutic phlebotomy—a procedure where blood is removed from the body—to reduce red blood cell mass,” said Dr. Maneendra. “In some cases, medications may be prescribed to control red blood cell production and reduce clotting risks.”
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
Preventing high haemoglobin levels involves consistent lifestyle management.
Dr. Muralidaran advised, “Drink at least 1.5 to 2 litres of water daily, maintain a balanced diet, and engage in regular physical exercise for at least 45 minutes a day. Managing stress, avoiding alcohol, and quitting smoking are also essential steps.”
When to Seek Medical Advice
Regular blood tests can help detect haemoglobin imbalances early. Individuals experiencing persistent headaches, dizziness, chest pain, or unusual fatigue should seek medical evaluation.
Final Thoughts by The Trending People
While haemoglobin is vital for oxygen transport, balance is key. Both low and high levels pose health risks that require medical attention. Staying hydrated, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and undergoing regular health check-ups can help ensure that your haemoglobin levels remain within the optimal range.